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　　The world’s native languages are dying out at an unprecedented rate, taking with them irreplaceable knowledge about the natural world, according to a new study.

　　The study identified five global “hot spots” where languages are vanishing faster than anywhere else —eastern Siberia, northern Australia, central South America, the US state of Oklahoma and the US Pacific Northwest. “Languages are suffering a global extinction crisis that greatly goes beyond the pace of species extinction,”linguistics professor David Harrison noted, who said half of the world’s 7,000 languages were expected to disappear before the end of the century.

　　Native people had an intimate knowledge of their environment that was lost when their language disappeared, along with other certain things often unfamiliar to us, Harrison stressed. “Most of what we know about species and ecosystems is not written down anywhere, it’s only in people’s heads,” he said. “We are seeing in front of our eyes the loss of the human knowledge base.”

　　Harrison was one of a team of linguists who carried out the study. The researchers traveled to Australia this year to study native languages, some of the most endangered. According to Harrison, in Australia, they were heartened to see a woman in her 80s who was one of the only three remaining speakers of the Yawuru language passing on her knowledge to schoolchildren. He said such inter-generational exchanges were the only way native languages could survive. “The children had elected to take this course, no one forced them,” he said. “When we asked them why they were learning it, they said, ‘This is a dying language, we need to learn it’.” Also, while there they found a man with knowledge of the Amurdag language, which had previously been thought extinct.

　　The researchers said all five of the hot spots identified were areas that had been successfully colonized and where a dominant language such as Spanish or English was threatening native tongues.

　　1. What does this text mainly talk about?

　　A. A study on native languages endangered.

　　B. The knowledge of native languages.

　　C. People’s efforts in saving native languages.

　　D. Harrison and his study on languages.

　　【答案】A。主旨题，通读全文后可知本文首段The world’s native languages are dying out at an unprecedented rate先讲了全球本土语言消失，第三段Native people had an intimate knowledge of their environment that was lost when their language disappeared, along with other certain things often unfamiliar to us陈述语言消失会带来的严重影响，第四段…a team of linguists who carried out the study可知人们对这一现象进行了研究。选项A：对濒临消失的语言的研究;选项B：本土语言里的知识，文中未提及;选项C：人们拯救本土语言所做出的努力，主体词扩大;选项D：哈里森和他的语言研究，陈述太过片面。故正确答案是选项A。

　　2. The underlined word“vanishing”in the second paragraph can be best replaced by ( ).

　　A. developing

　　B. changing

　　C. increasing

　　D. Disappearing

　　【答案】D。定位至第二段首尾…languages are vanishing faster than anywhere else…half of the world’s 7,000 languages were expected to disappear before the end of the century可知文段都在讲述语言的消失，vanishing与文段最后的disappear是近义词。选项A：发展;选项B：改变;选项C：增加;选项D：消失。只有D项含义最贴切，故正确答案是选项D。

　　3. According to Harrison, language extinction ( ).

　　A. causes the researchers lots of worries

　　B. speeds up the pace of species extinction

　　C. threatens the existing of Spanish and English

　　D. brings about a loss of knowledge about the environment

　　【答案】D。根据题干关键词Harrison定位至第三段Native people had an intimate knowledge of their environment that was lost when their language disappeared可知当土著人的语言消失的时候，他们关于环境的知识也消失了。选项A：会引起研究者过多的担心，文中未提及;选项B：加快物种的消亡，第二段提到物种消亡只是与语言消亡的速度进行比较，两者之间并非因果关系;选项C：威胁西班牙语和英语的存在，定位至文中最后a dominant language such as Spanish or English was threatening native tongues可知是西班牙语和英语威胁本土语言;选项D：关于环境知识的缺失。故正确答案是选项D。

　　4. Which of the following can be described as good news?

　　A. Native languages became less endangered in Australia.

　　B. A man was found with knowledge of the Amurdag language.

　　C. Researchers were well received by native people in Australia.

　　D. Many schoolchildren showed interest in the Yawuru language.

　　【答案】B。选项A、C在文中均未被提及，错误。选项B根据while there they found a man with knowledge of the Amurdag language, which had previously been thought extinct…他们发现有一个了解阿莫瑞达格语的人，此前这种语言被认为已经灭绝;选项D：许多学生对尼亚斯文语展现出了极大的兴趣。选项B、D相比较可知B项的内容更应当被称为是好消息，故正确答案是选项B。

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