动词的时态语态
　　易出题点为单选或者是完形填空部分，需要判断事情发生的时间。尤其是主句和分句之间的时间关系。注意运用正确时态。黑体部分很常考。（以work为例）

	现在	过去	将来	过去将来
一般	work(s)	worked	shall/will work	should/would work
进行	am/is/are working	was/were working	shall/will be working	should/would be working
完成	have/has worked	had worked	shall/will have worked	should/would/ could have worked
完成进行时	have/has been working	had been working	shall/will have been working	should/would have been working

　　（一）现在完成时：have/has done
　　表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。+ up to now, so far, already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just以及since引导的状语从句连用。例如：
　　他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。
　　His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
　　（二）过去完成时：had done
　　表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。by, by the end of, by the time, before, until+ 过去的时间点
　　例：到上学期末我已经放弃那种想法了。
　　We had abandoned that notion by the end of last term.
　　例：上周三前他们就已经询问过他薪水了。
　　They had inquired his salary before last Wednesday.
　　（三）现在完成进行时：have/has been doing
　　表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。
　　例：经理自从上午九点起一直在告诉工人们如何改进项目。
　　The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
　　（四）将来完成进行时：will have done
　　表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，通常有着明显表示将来时态的时间标志词，如by the next year, by the end of this month等。
　　例：By the end of this September, you will have worked in a bank.
　　1. — Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4062 (    ) off at 18:20.
　　— I will.
　　A. takes
　　B. took
　　C. will be taken
　　D. has taken
　　【答案】A。客观事实，使用一般现在时，选择A。
　　2. I knew my parents (    ) angry if I was found playing computer games too often.
　　A. got
　　B. had got
　　C. were getting
　　D. would get
　　【答案】D。句意“如果我被发现经常玩电脑的话，我知道我父母会生气的。”if条件句用一般时态代替将来。根据was可知，主句应该用过去将来时。故选D。
　　3. The country life he was used to (    ) greatly since the opening policy.
　　A. change
　　B. has changed
　　C. changing
　　D. having changed
　　【答案】B。The country life 是定语从句的先行词, 同时也是句子的主语。而he was used to是定语从句, 省略了关系代词that/which。后面是since自从, 前面接现在完成时。
　　4. No sooner (    ) on board the train than it(    ) to move.
　　A. did he go; had started
　　B. he went; started
　　C. had he gone; started
　　D. he had gone; had started
　　【答案】C。他刚登上火车，车就开始移动。考查No sooner.... than用法，No sooner后用过去完成时并用部分倒装，than后用一般过去式。
　　5. My sister (    ) as a secretary in her company for three years and now she (    ) to the manager of the sales department.
　　A. served; has been promoted
　　B. had served; has been promoted
　　C. has served; has promoted
　　D. was serving; has promoted
　　【答案】A。be served as表示委任……充当xx职位……。第一个空用过去分词作为非谓语动词，第二个空需要用现在完成时以及被动语态。
　　6. Every possible means (    ) to prevent the crash , but the computer doesn’t still work.
　　A. is used
　　B. are used
　　C. has been used
　　D. have been used
　　【答案】C。考察used用法。Be used to 习惯于某事：被用来做某事；used to do sth过去常常做某事。句意：每一种可能的方法都被用来预防崩溃，但是电脑仍旧不能运行。可知描述的是现在已完成的动作，故用现在完成时态。主语means为不可数名词，不可数故助动词用has，选D。
　　7. The days we look forward to (    )at last.
　　A. comes
　　B. to come
　　C. came
　　D. coming
　　【答案】C。我们期望的日子终于到了。结合语境可知句子描述的是过去发生的动作，故用过去时态，选C。

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